What is this dry weather in Chicago doing to our trees?

Chicago has been seeing historically dry weather this spring and summer, and like all living things, our trees depend on a healthy water supply. In this post I'll discuss what this means to our trees and landscapes. 

During drought, trees suffer from water stress due to the lack of adequate moisture in the soil. This can have several detrimental effects on their health. Here are some ways trees suffer during drought and how their health can be maintained:

1. Reduced Growth: Drought limits the availability of water for tree roots to absorb, leading to reduced growth rates. Trees may have stunted or sparse foliage, shorter internodes (spaces between branches), and smaller overall size.

2. Wilting and Leaf Drop: In an effort to conserve water, trees may wilt and droop their leaves. If the drought persists, they may shed leaves prematurely as a survival mechanism. This can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to diseases and pests.

3. Increased Vulnerability to Pests and Diseases: Drought weakens trees and compromises their natural defenses, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. Insects and pathogens may attack stressed trees, causing further damage.

To maintain tree health during times of water stress, the following measures can be taken:

1. Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch (such as wood chips or compost) around the base of the tree. Mulch helps conserve soil moisture by reducing evaporation and regulating soil temperature. It also improves soil structure and fertility.

2. Irrigation: If feasible, provide supplemental irrigation to trees during drought. Deep watering, applying water directly to the root zone, is preferred over light surface watering. Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to deliver water slowly and efficiently.

3. Watering Schedule: Water trees deeply but infrequently. This encourages the development of deep root systems, which can access water from lower soil layers. Avoid frequent shallow watering, as it promotes shallow root growth and makes trees more vulnerable to drought.

4. Prioritize Watering: If water resources are limited, prioritize watering newly planted or young trees, high-value trees, and those most susceptible to drought stress. These trees may require additional attention to maintain their health.

5. Proper Pruning: Prune trees to remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Pruning helps conserve water by reducing the tree's overall water demand. It also improves air circulation, which can prevent fungal diseases.

6. Avoid Stressors: Minimize other stressors that can compound the effects of drought. For example, avoid unnecessary disturbances near tree roots, such as construction activities, and protect trees from excessive heat or exposure to harsh winds.

7. Drought-Tolerant Species: Consider planting or promoting the growth of drought-tolerant tree species that are adapted to your region's climate and soil conditions. These species are better equipped to withstand and recover from water stress.

It's important to note that maintaining tree health during drought is a long-term effort. Regular monitoring, proper care, and a holistic approach to tree management can help mitigate the negative effects of water stress and improve the chances of tree survival. Consulting with local arborists or forestry experts can provide valuable guidance specific to your area.